The economy of Indonesia is the world's 17th-largest by nominal GDP and the 7th-largest by PPP. A shared identity has developed with the motto " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a national language, cultural diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia consists of thousands of distinct native ethnic and hundreds of linguistic groups, with Javanese being the largest. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two. The concept of "Indonesia" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century, culminating later in the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945. Although the Portuguese, the French and British also ruled at some point, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Christianity was spread by European missionaries. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ( Andaman and Nicobar Islands). The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. It has 37 provinces, of which eight have special status. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. In contrast, Canada, which is also a major economic player and one of the largest countries in the world by landmass, has a relatively small population for its size, with around 36.5 million residents.Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Their numbers range from 82 million (Germany) to just under 60 million (Italy).įurthermore, several extremely small countries, such as Monaco, Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands - all with fewer than a million residents - play a much larger role in the financial world than their population numbers would suggest. The United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy are all among the top ten largest economies and all have populations of under 100 million. It is notable that a number of the largest economies in the world have smaller populations, particularly in Europe. However, a number of countries considered by the International Monetary Fund to be developing countries (that is, having not achieved a high degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and where the population typically has a medium to low standard of living) also have sizeable populations, including Nigeria (over 190 million), Bangladesh (almost 165 million) and Mexico (around 129 million), demonstrating that the issues affecting developing nations span multiple continents. The BRIC countries ( Brazil, Russia, India and China), generally regarded as the four major emerging economies expected to dominate in the 21st century, are all in the top ten most populous countries, indicating how important the sheer size of their populations are to their economic expansion. The United States comes in third with just under 325 million residents. Not surprisingly, the largest countries in the world in terms of population are China and India, with both countries now having populations of well over a billion.
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